francis2019stakesscalesskepticism
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"label": "1",
"head": "Figure 1 .",
"caption": "Figure 1. Levels of agreement and disagreement with knowledge prompts across all degrees of stakes for all six scenarios. Levels of agreement and disagreement are consistent across all stakes scales (note the lines are level with little slope). Levels of agreement are significantly higher for positive polarity prompts than for negative polarity prompts. Error bars represent +/-1 Standard Error (SE).",
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"head": "Figure 2 :",
"caption": "Figure 2: Strength of evidence across the three vignette pairs (left hand panel) and Levels of agreement and disagreement with the knowledge claim across the three vignette pairs. (right hand panel). Error bars represent +/-1SE. * = small effect size. ** = medium effect size (Cohen's d).In the strength of evidence comparison (left panel) there was a medium effect of stakes in the basic vignette pair, (t(124) = 3.17, p =.002, d = 0.57) with strength of evidence higher in the low stakes scenario. The effect of stakes was not significant in the other vignettes [Implicit/Explicit: t(117) = 0.54, p = .588; Ignorant: t(120) = 0.84, p =.511]. For the levels of agreement comparison (right panel) there was a smaller effect of stakes in the basic vignette pair, (t(124) = -.2.57, p =.011, d = 0.46) with levels of agreement are higher in the low stakes scenario. Once again there was no significant effect of stakes in the other vignettes [Implicit/Explicit: t(117) = -1.48, p = .142; Ignorant: t(120) = -0.98, p =.329].",
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"head": "Know",
"caption": "Figure3. The amount of evidence participants state is needed in order for the protagonist to know/or that can be had while the protagonist still doesn't know across all stakes versions of all six scenarios. Amount of evidence required increased as the stakes were raised in each scenario (note positive gradient of lines). In the possessions scenario, this effect was observed in the positive polarity only. Error bars represent +/-1SE.",
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"caption": "= positive polarity prompt; \"Don't Know\" = negative polarity prompt",
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"head": "Figure 4 .",
"caption": "Figure 4. The percentage of \"never\" responses (left) and zero responses (right)given in response to positive and negative prompts (across all scenarios). The proportion of \"never\" responses was significantly higher in the negative polarity (χ²(1) = 188.52, p < .001). The proportion of \"0\" responses was significantly higher in the positive polarity (χ²(1) = 28.51, p < .001). Error bars represent +/-1SE p (converted to %).",
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"label": "5",
"head": "Figure 5 .",
"caption": "Figure5. The percentage of \"never\" responses (left-hand side) and zero responses (right-hand side) given in each stakes scale (across all scenarios) in each polarity condition. The frequency of \"never\" answers given in response to negative prompts increased as the stakes were raised (note positive gradient of line) although this was not significant in inferential analyses. The frequency of zero answers given in response to positive prompts significantly decreased as the stakes were raised (note negative gradient of line). Error bars represent +/-1SE p (converted to %).",
"page": 18,
"score": 59
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"id": "fig_6",
"label": "6",
"head": "Figure 6 .",
"caption": "Figure 6. The percentage of \"never\" answers in the Symmetrical Experiment (lefthand side) and the Matched Experiment (right-hand side) given in response to positive and negative prompts (across all scenarios). The proportion of \"never\" responses was significantly higher in the negative polarity in the Symmetrical Experiment (χ²(1) = 115.32, p < .001) and in the Matched Experiment (χ²(1) = 113.72, p < .001). Error bars represent +/-1SE p (converted to %).",
"page": 22,
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"label": "7",
"head": "Figure 7 .",
"caption": "Figure7. The percentage of \"never\" responses given in each stakes scale (across all scenarios) in each polarity condition of the Symmetrical Experiment. The frequency of \"never\" answers given in response to prompts increased as the stakes were raised from stakes 1 [low] to stakes 3.",
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"label": "11",
"head": "Figure 11 .",
"caption": "Figure 11. The percentage of \"never\" responses given in each stakes scale (across all scenarios) in each polarity condition of the Symmetrical Experiment. The frequency of \"never\" answers given in response to prompts increased as the stakes were raised from low stakes to stakes 3. Note: this figure is Figure 7 in the manuscript.",
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"score": 44
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"label": "12",
"head": "Figure 12 .",
"caption": "Figure 12. The percentage of zero responses given in each stakes scale (across all scenarios) in each polarity condition of the Symmetrical Experiment. The frequency of zero answers given in response to prompts decreased as the stakes were raised from low stakes to stakes 3.",
"page": 51,
"score": 39
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"label": "13",
"head": "Figure 13 .",
"caption": "Figure13. The percentage of \"never\" responses given in each stakes scale (across all scenarios) in each polarity condition of the Symmetrical Experiment. Here we find no main effect of stakes on \"never\" responses to the negative prompts.",
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