Extraction report — Buckwalter 2010

schema_version: "1.1"

paper:
  paper_id: buckwalter2010knowledgeisntclosed
  citation: "Buckwalter, W. (2010). Knowledge Isn't Closed on Saturday: A Study in Ordinary Language."
  short_label: "Buckwalter 2010"
  doi: null
  published: null
  year: 2010
  language: "English"
  language_other: null
  research_objective: "Test whether ordinary knowledge-attribution judgments in DeRose-style bank cases vary with stakes or with salient error possibilities (high standards), evaluating predictions from epistemic contextualism and subject-sensitive invariantism."
  data_availability:
    data_available_online: null
    url: null
    notes: null
  notes: null

studies:
  - study_id: 1
    label: "Bank probes (SUNY Buffalo undergraduates)"
    objective: "Compare agreement that a first-person bank-hours knowledge assertion is true across three between-subjects vignette versions: baseline Bank, High Stakes (stakes raised), and High Standards (error possibilities made salient)."
    sample:
      n_final: 544
      recruitment: students
      recruitment_other: null
      compensation: null
      compensation_other: null
      characteristics: "SUNY Buffalo undergraduates; ~75% age 18–20 (range 18–38); 55% male; >70% originally from New York State area."
      provenance:
        page: null
        quote: "The population group for this study consisted of 544 undergraduate students at The State University of New York at Buffalo... approximately 75% were between the ages of 18 and 20 (range 18-38), 55% were male, and over 70% reported that they were originally from the New York State area."
        tei_id: null
        table_ref: null
    design: "Between-Subjects"
    design_other: "Participants were randomly given one and only one of three probes (Bank, High Stakes, High Standards)."
    manipulated_factors:
      - "Error possibilities / epistemic standards (High Standards probe)"
    paradigm: "Agreement that a sentence is true"
    paradigm_other: null
    scale:
      label: "Likert 5-point"
      points: 5
      anchors: "strongly disagree; disagree; neutral; agree; strongly agree"
      direction: "Higher = more agreement that Bruno's assertion is true."
      provenance:
        page: null
        quote: "Data was collected using a five-point scale anchored with strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, and strongly agree, respectively."
        tei_id: null
        table_ref: null
    measures:
      knowledge_question_text: "On a scale of 1 to 5, circle how much you agree or disagree that Bruno's assertion, \"I know the bank will be open on Saturday\" is true."
      knowledge_question_first: null
      additional_question_text: null
    scenarios:
      - scenario_code: bank
        scenario_type: "Bank deposit / bank-hours vignette (DeRose-style bank cases)."
        high_stakes_text: "High Stakes: 'Bruno has written a very large check... if the money from his pay is not deposited by Monday, it will bounce...'"
        low_stakes_text: "Bank: '...it is not especially important in this case that they be deposited right away...'"
        provenance:
          page: null
          quote: "Bank: \"it is not especially important in this case that they be deposited right away.\" High Stakes: \"Bruno has written a very large check... if the money from his pay is not deposited by Monday, it will bounce...\""
          tei_id: null
          table_ref: null
    effects:
      - effect_id: s1_e1
        subgroup: "Bank vs High Stakes"
        subgroup_desc: "Agreement that Bruno's self-ascribed knowledge assertion is true (stakes manipulation)"
        design: "Between-Subjects"
        design_other: null
        moderators:
          scenario: bank
          skeptical_pressure: "No"
          awareness: "Yes"
          evidence: "First Person"
          attribution_person: "First Person"
          evidence_reliability: null
        moderators_coding:
          scenario:
            provenance:
              page: null
              quote: "Bank Sylvie and Bruno are driving home from work on a Friday afternoon... Bruno tells Sylvie, \"I was just here last week and I know that the bank will be open on Saturday.\""
              tei_id: null
              table_ref: null
            reason: "Vignette is explicitly a bank-hours case ('the bank will be open on Saturday')."
          skeptical_pressure:
            provenance:
              page: null
              quote: "High Stakes ... Bruno tells Sylvie, \"I was just here last week and I know that the bank will be open on Saturday.\""
              tei_id: null
              table_ref: null
            reason: "No explicit doubt/counterconsideration about bank hours is raised in the Bank or High Stakes probes (only stakes are raised)."
          awareness:
            provenance:
              page: null
              quote: "Bruno has written a very large check, and if the money from his pay is not deposited by Monday, it will bounce, leaving Bruno in a very bad situation with his creditors."
              tei_id: null
              table_ref: null
            reason: "High-stakes consequences are described as facts about Bruno's situation (implying the subject is aware of the stakes)."
          evidence:
            provenance:
              page: null
              quote: "Bruno tells Sylvie, \"I was just here last week and I know that the bank will be open on Saturday.\""
              tei_id: null
              table_ref: null
            reason: "Evidence is Bruno's own recent experience/memory of visiting the bank (first-person evidence)."
          attribution_person:
            provenance:
              page: null
              quote: "Bruno tells Sylvie, \"I was just here last week and I know that the bank will be open on Saturday.\""
              tei_id: null
              table_ref: null
            reason: "The target knowledge claim is a first-person self-ascription ('I know...')."
          evidence_reliability:
            provenance:
              page: null
              quote: "Bruno tells Sylvie, \"I was just here last week...\""
              tei_id: null
              table_ref: null
            reason: "Reliability of the evidence source is not meaningfully specified/manipulated beyond recency; coded as null."
        contrast:
          group_high: High_Stakes
          group_low: Bank
          sign_convention: "d = mean(low) - mean(high)"
          other_notes: "Test 1: baseline Bank vs High Stakes."
        groups:
          - group_id: Bank
            label: "Bank (baseline; low stakes)"
            n: 183
            mean: 3.83
            sd: 1.065
            se: null
            provenance:
              page: 10
              quote: "Bank,183 3.83,1.065"
              tei_id: null
              table_ref: tabula_stream_p10_t1.csv
          - group_id: High_Stakes
            label: "High Stakes"
            n: 181
            mean: 3.71
            sd: 1.108
            se: null
            provenance:
              page: 10
              quote: "High stakes,181 3.71,1.108"
              tei_id: null
              table_ref: tabula_stream_p10_t1.csv
        reported_test:
          test: "t"
          t: 0.987
          f: null
          chi2: null
          z: null
          df1: 362
          df2: null
          p: 0.243
          reported_d: null
          reported_r: null
          notes: null
          provenance:
            page: null
            quote: "Differences are not significant between groups, t (362)=.987, p=.243"
            tei_id: null
            table_ref: null
        effect_size:
          metric: SMD
          d: 0.110436839422
          v: 0.011006188465
          computed_from: groups
          needs_review: false
          notes: "Computed from Table 1 group stats in analysis/effect_sizes.qmd (method=between_groups)."
        quality_flags: []
        notes: null

      - effect_id: s1_e2
        subgroup: "Bank vs High Standards"
        subgroup_desc: "Agreement that Bruno's self-ascribed knowledge assertion is true (error-possibility salience / high standards)"
        design: "Between-Subjects"
        design_other: null
        moderators:
          scenario: bank
          skeptical_pressure: "Yes"
          awareness: "Yes"
          evidence: "First Person"
          attribution_person: "First Person"
          evidence_reliability: null
        moderators_coding:
          scenario:
            provenance:
              page: null
              quote: "High Standards ... Bruno tells Sylvie, \"I was just here last week and I know that the bank will be open on Saturday.\""
              tei_id: null
              table_ref: null
            reason: "Vignette is explicitly a bank-hours case ('the bank will be open on Saturday')."
          skeptical_pressure:
            provenance:
              page: null
              quote: "Sylvie says, \"Banks are typically closed on Saturday. Maybe this bank won't be open tomorrow either. Banks can always change their hours...\""
              tei_id: null
              table_ref: null
            reason: "High Standards probe explicitly introduces counterconsiderations/error possibilities about bank hours."
          awareness:
            provenance:
              page: null
              quote: "Although they generally like to deposit their paychecks as soon as possible, it is not especially important in this case that they be deposited right away."
              tei_id: null
              table_ref: null
            reason: "Nothing suggests stakes are hidden from the subject; the vignette describes the (low) stakes context as part of the scenario."
          evidence:
            provenance:
              page: null
              quote: "Bruno tells Sylvie, \"I was just here last week and I know that the bank will be open on Saturday.\""
              tei_id: null
              table_ref: null
            reason: "Evidence is Bruno's own recent experience/memory of visiting the bank (first-person evidence)."
          attribution_person:
            provenance:
              page: null
              quote: "Bruno tells Sylvie, \"...I know that the bank will be open on Saturday.\""
              tei_id: null
              table_ref: null
            reason: "The target knowledge claim is a first-person self-ascription ('I know...')."
          evidence_reliability:
            provenance:
              page: null
              quote: "Bruno tells Sylvie, \"I was just here last week...\""
              tei_id: null
              table_ref: null
            reason: "Reliability of the evidence source is not meaningfully specified/manipulated beyond recency; coded as null."
        contrast:
          group_high: High_Standards
          group_low: Bank
          sign_convention: "d = mean(low) - mean(high)"
          other_notes: "Test 2: baseline Bank vs High Standards (salient error possibilities)."
        groups:
          - group_id: Bank
            label: "Bank (baseline)"
            n: 183
            mean: 3.83
            sd: 1.065
            se: null
            provenance:
              page: 10
              quote: "Bank,183 3.83,1.065"
              tei_id: null
              table_ref: tabula_stream_p10_t1.csv
          - group_id: High_Standards
            label: "High Standards"
            n: 180
            mean: 3.64
            sd: 1.102
            se: null
            provenance:
              page: 10
              quote: "High standards,180 3.64,1.102"
              tei_id: null
              table_ref: tabula_stream_p10_t1.csv
        reported_test:
          test: "t"
          t: 1.637
          f: null
          chi2: null
          z: null
          df1: 361
          df2: null
          p: 0.14
          reported_d: null
          reported_r: null
          notes: null
          provenance:
            page: null
            quote: "Differences are not significant between groups, t (361)=1.637, p=.140"
            tei_id: null
            table_ref: null
        effect_size:
          metric: SMD
          d: 0.175356957931
          v: 0.011062626544
          computed_from: groups
          needs_review: false
          notes: "Computed from Table 1 group stats in analysis/effect_sizes.qmd (method=between_groups)."
        quality_flags: []
        notes: null

    notes: null